King Parākramabāhu V (r. 1344–1359 CE), also known as Savuļu Parakum, ruled from the fortified capital of Dedigama. His reign unfolded under a system of shared sovereignty with his brother Bhuvanaikabāhu IV, who governed from Gampola, and was dominated by an effort to preserve Sinhalese authority against the north.

King Bhuvanekabāhu IV (r. 1341–1351 CE) ruled from Gampola, sharing power with his brother Parākramabāhu V at Dädigama, and is remembered for stabilizing the kingdom and patronizing major Buddhist shrines and monastic reforms.

The reign of King Vijayabahu V (r. 1335–1341 CE), commonly known as Savuḷu Vijayabahu, marks a decisive transition in the history of the medieval Sinhalese monarchy. As the founder of the Savuḷu dynasty, he brought the direct succession of the Dambadeniya kings to an end and restored a measure of political stability.

King Buvanekabāhu III, also recorded in historical sources as Vanni Buvanekabāhu or Bhuvanaikabāhu III, ruled from the Kurunegala Kingdom during the early 14th century, approximately between 1326 and 1335 CE. His reign remains one of the least documented eras of the Sri Lankan Royal Dynasty.

The reign of King Parakramabahu IV (also known as Paṇḍita Parākramabāhu II), who ruled ancient Sri Lanka from 1302 to 1326 CE. Ruling from the Kurunegala Kingdom, he is celebrated in the national chronicles as a monarch of exceptional learning, piety, and administrative vision.

King Buvanekabāhu II (r. 1293–1302 CE) was the son of Buvanekabāhu I, who ascended the throne during a period of recovery following a Pāṇḍyan invasion that had stripped the kingdom of the sacred Tooth Relic. His reign is defined by the formal establishment of Kurunegala as the national capital.

As the son of King Vijayabāhu IV (known as “Bosat” Vijayabāhu) and the grandson of the illustrious scholar-king Parākramabāhu II, King Parākramabāhu III (r. 1287–1293 CE) was born into the Dambadeniya dynasty, a lineage that traced its ancestry to the prestigious Solar and Moon dynasties and the sacred Sirisanghabodhi line.

King Buvanekabāhu I (r. 1272-1284 CE) was a monarch of the Dambadeniya dynasty. As the second son of the scholar-king Parākramabāhu II and Queen Sunetradevi, he ascended the throne following a series of violent internal betrayals that nearly extinguished his lineage.

Known as Bosat Vijayabāhu for his piety, King Vijayabāhu IV was the eldest son of Parākramabāhu II and Sunetradevi. His brief two-year reign from 1270 to 1272, signaled the transition from the Dambadeniya period’s peak to an era of growing internal instability.

The reign of King Parākramabāhu II (r. 1236–1270 CE) marks a vital phase of political recovery after the devastation caused by Kalinga Māgha and the attacks by the army of Candrabhānu. He succeeded in reuniting Sri Lanka under a single ruler and restoring the Buddhist religious order.

Amid the collapse of centralized authority in Polonnaruwa, King Vijayabāhu III (1232-1236 CE) emerged as the restorer of Sinhalese sovereignty. By establishing a new capital at Dambadeniya, he laid the foundations for the survival of both the Sinhalese state and Buddhism.

Kalinga Magha stands out as one of the most destructive figures in the history of ancient Sri Lanka, with his invasion in 1215 CE marking the definitive end of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom and the final collapse of the hydraulic civilization of the Rajarata.

The reign of King Parākrama Pāṇḍu (also known as Parakkamapaṇḍu II or Parākrama Pāṇḍi) constitutes the final chapter of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom. Ruling from 1212 to 1215 CE, he ascended the throne as a foreign conqueror whose attempts to restore order were ultimately extinguished by Kāḷiṅga Māgha, marking the end of the ancient Rajarata civilization.

The reign of King Lokeśvara (also known as Lokissara or Lokeshwara) in 1210–1211 CE represents a brief yet violent episode in the terminal decline of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom. His nine-month rule unfolded during the political “twilight” of the Rajarata civilization, an era marked by rapid royal turnover and the dominance of military “kingmakers.”

One of the most violent and short-lived kings of the late Polonnaruwa era was King Anīkaṅga Mahadīpāda (also known as Äniyanga or Eniyanga) in 1209 CE. He came to power by bloodshed and reigned only 17 days being assassinated by his own general, Vikkantacamūnakka.

King Dharmashoka ruled Sri Lanka for just one year from 1208 CE as an infant monarch during the collapse of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom. Installed by General Āyasmanta, he was later killed by his own father Anīkaṅga amid a violent struggle for power.

Queen Kalyāṇavatī, who ruled from 1202 to 1208 CE (some epigraphical sources indicate that her authority extended until 1210 CE), was the chief queen of King Niśśaṅka Malla (r. 1187-1196 CE). Her period on the throne was shaped by the influence of military kingmakers, most notably the powerful General Āyasmanta.

The reign of King Sahassa Malla (r. 1200–1202 CE), also known as Sahasa Malla, was short-lived, lasting only two years during a phase of acute political disintegration marked by the so-called “Tamil Anarchy” and the ascendancy of military kingmakers.

Queen Leelavathi (also known as Lílávatí) remains one of the most intriguing figures in the history of Sri Lanka, having ascended the throne of Polonnaruwa on three separate occasions occurring between 1197–1200 CE, 1209–1210 CE, and 1211–1212 CE

During the chaotic twilight of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom, King Choda Ganga ruled for just nine months (1196–1197 CE), rising through assassination and court intrigue in a capital dominated by mercenaries, rival Kalinga princes, and relentless struggles for royal legitimacy.