Thuruwila Wewa in Anuradhapura (තුරුවිල වැව)

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Thuruwila Wewa (also known as Turuwila Wewa) is an ancient irrigation reservoir located in the Anuradhapura District, believed to have been constructed more than 20 centuries ago. Tradition attributes its creation to King Mahanaga in the 3rd century BCE, making it one of the earliest reservoirs in Sri Lanka. It is considered the fourth reservoir built on the island, following Basawakkulama Wewa (constructed by King Pandukabhaya) and Tissa Wewa and Nuwara Wewa of Anuradhapura (both built by King Devanampiyatissa).

Water Sources and Connectivity

The reservoir is fed by water from the Mahaweli River through the Kala Wewa system, showcasing the ingenuity of ancient hydraulic engineering. Excess water from Thuruwila flows into the Malwathu Oya. Additionally, rainwater and natural seepage from the surrounding highlands contribute to its supply. Five smaller reservoirs also receive water from Thuruwila, forming an interconnected irrigation network.

Dimensions

At full capacity, Thuruwila Wewa spans an area of about 750 acres (approximately 3 square kilometers or 300 hectares). The reservoir has an average depth of 12.5 feet. Its embankment, or bund, measures 2.4 kilometers in length, 180 feet in width, and 25 feet in height. This impressive scale reflects the advanced engineering skills of early Sri Lankan civilization.

Historical Decline and Restoration

The reservoir fell into disuse following the Chola invasions between the 10th and 13th centuries and remained abandoned for centuries. In the 1880s, during British colonial rule, Thuruwila Wewa was reconstructed, restoring its role as a vital water source for the region.

Modern Importance and Community Life

Today, Thuruwila Wewa continues to sustain local communities. It irrigates approximately 502 acres of paddy fields and 106 acres of highland crops. The reservoir also supports freshwater fishing and provides water lilies and lotuses, which villagers sell to pilgrims visiting the sacred city of Anuradhapura. Beyond agriculture, Thuruwila Wewa is a major water source for Anuradhapura town, supplying two of the district’s largest water treatment plants. In total, 16 water supply schemes operate in the district, with Thuruwila playing a central role.

Also See

Anuradhapura – The city of the God Kings

Map of the Thuruwila Wewa

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Traveling to Thuruwila Wewa

Route from Anuradhapura to Thuruwila Wewa

Through : Sravastipura
Distance : 20 km
Travel time : 30 minutes
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